It sounds like there’s a transparent proxy between you and the Internet.
I think the norm would be for them to set up a CA and automatically sign web site certificates as you browse. If so they likely install the CA certificate as a trusted CA.
If the above is correct for your situation then it would be best to get the CA cert, e.g. from your browser and tell node about the trusted cert.
https://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#cli_node_extra_ca_certs_file